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The Female Sex Work Industry in a District of India in the Context of HIV Prevention

The study only involved interviews with sex workers. Women working in brothels, lodges, Prostitutes Belgaumand on highways describe factors that put them at high HIV risk.

Based on a review of sex work typologies in India, we showed that the most Prostitutes Belgaum national typology is the one proposed by NACO in [ 7 ].

Gayle, and A.

The review also discussed three other documented sex work settings: parlour girls, agricultural workers involved in sex work, and phone-based sex work. We showed that expanding the NACO typology to take account of both place of Prostitutes Belgaum and place of sex better captures Prostitutes Belgaum HIV risk variation Prostitutes Belgaum by women working in different settings [ 8 ].

This extended typology distinguishes between women who solicit and have sex in brothels brothel-to-brothel ; women who solicit and have sex in their homes home-to-home ; and women who solicit in public places but have sex in various locations street-to-home, street-to-rented-room, street-to-lodge, street-to-street.

Following the analysis of the Prostitutes Belgaum data, we Prostitutes Belgaum a qualitative study among women practicing sex work in various settings in Belgaum district, Karnataka state, to better understand the vulnerabilities faced by women practicing in particular settings. The study was conducted in March-April in Belgaum, which is one of the districts where the IBBA was conducted; this allowed us to explore the qualitative data in the context of the detailed information acquired through the quantitative survey.

Moreover, Belgaum has a vibrant diverse sex work industry.

INNEWS BELAGAVI 10/10/2017 (Kannada) NIPPANI On Road Prostitution

Based on discussions with programmers from the local NGOs, Karnataka Health Promotion Trust KHPT and Belgaum Integrated Rural Development Society BIRDSthirteen sex work settings distinguished largely but not Prostitutes Belgaum by place of solicitation and place of sex Prostitutes Belgaum identified: brothel, lodge, street-to-brothel, street-to-lodge, street-to-street, street-to-rented-room, street-to-home, home, phone-network, parlour, dhabahighway and agricultural workers.

An attempt was made to select four participants from each type of context, resulting in a total of fifty in-depth interviews with sex workers Exceptions: 2 interviews with parlour girls, 3 with phone-based and home-based sex workers, and 5 with brothel-to-brothel and street-to-lodge sex workers.

The selection of participants was purposive to reflect these categories judgment-based [ 9 ]. The peer educators told women in the community about the study and asked for volunteers. The women willing to participate were introduced to the interviewer. They were conducted by one of the authors in Kannada local languagewere audio-taped and Prostitutes Belgaum.

While most participants Prostitutes Belgaum interviewed in one Prostitutes Belgaum, a second interviewing session was conducted if the first interview lacked information about a certain topic following translation into English ; while the identity of the participants was never recorded, the second session was possibly given the number of participants and the short period of time between the interview and its translation.

Informed consent was obtained from all participants. The recordings of the interviews were saved on password-protected computers only accessible by the person analyzing the data and the translator. The study was approved by the ethics review boards Prostitutes Belgaum St. Content analysis was conducted Prostitutes Belgaum Atlas. Given that the objective of the study was to better understand the mode of operation and vulnerability factors of previously documented sex worker types [ 78 ], the categories examined in the study were set prior Prostitutes Belgaum conducting the interviews.

An ethnographic study aiming to develop a sex work typology might have decided the categories of Prostitutes Belgaum workers using a grounded approach, rather than a prioriwhich may have required multiple interviewing sessions with each study participant. After the English translation was finalized, the interviews were reread and Prostitutes Belgaum in Atlas. Within each of these themes, the code list was developed while reading the interviews and was used to further code the interviews.

The interviews were analysed by examining the coded text for each sex work setting each code and theme at a time. In Belgaum, brothels are houses where sex work takes place and are located in Prostitutes Belgaum areas known for their sex work activities.

Many new houses have lately been built, and the place has a few Brahmans and Kunbi houses and is the head- quarters of Belgaum prostitutes.” Taken from the. Prostitution in Belagavi: Two Arrested - Marvelous Belgaum Prostitutes Belgaum · Phone numbers of Whores Belgaum · INNEWS BELAGAVI 10/.

She Prostitutes Belgaum been of some help to us… She is like a parent to us. Some participants reported having been trafficked into brothels; while not specifically examined in this study, the vulnerability associated with trafficking has Prostitutes Belgaum widely documented and likely resulted in additional vulnerability among our participants [ 1011 ].

View at: Google Scholar J.

In general, if a loan stands against a particular sex Prostitutes Belgaum involving a person who trafficked her, her family, or the sex worker herselfshe needs to remain in the brothel until the money is paid. Theoretically, if a sex worker does not owe the gharwali Prostitutes Belgaum money, she is free to leave the brothel at anytime.

In Belgaum, street-based sex workers take their clients to brothels, lodges, public places, rented rooms, or their own homes. While autonomous, street-based sex. Pawale said the police acted to drive away the sex workers from Ganpath Galli and adjoining commercial lanes such as Khade Bazaar, Ramdev.

We have to have enough to pay her, is not it? Brothel sex workers typically have a relatively high client volume up to 10 Prostitutes Belgaum daily.

Brothel sex Prostitutes Belgaum tend to have clients from low-paid occupations, who are less inclined to use condoms [ 12 ]. Provided the gharwali cooperates with programme staff, brothel sex workers are easily accessible for outreach activities, because the location of the brothels is known and the women stay in the brothel on a relatively permanent basis.

Some women solicit clients and have sex in lodges small Prostitutes Belgaum. Most women come to their lodge daily, stay from morning until evening, with some also staying overnight.

In other Prostitutes Belgaum e. The Prostitutes Belgaum charged are twice those Prostitutes Belgaum brothels, allowing sex workers to make more money. Rooms are allocated to sex workers on rotation. Programme Prostitutes Belgaum usually know the lodges where sex work occurs. One of the most common sex work types in South India involves soliciting in public places, for example, bus stands, railway stations, markets, parks, and streets [ 2 Prostitutes Belgaum.

In Belgaum, street-based sex workers take their clients to brothels, lodges, public places, rented rooms, or their own homes. While autonomous, street-based sex workers will occasionally get clients through agents for example, auto-rickshaw drivers.

Sex workers soliciting in public places share certain vulnerabilities independent of where sex occurs. We need to fill our stomach, is not it? They report that most of their clients have low-paid occupations and are disinclined to use condoms. Where to sit outside? In addition to vulnerability factors associated with street solicitation, there are factors specific to the place of sex, which are discussed in the next subsections. In this sense, their relationship with the gharwali is straightforward renting a brothel room per client in exchange of a fixed fee and does not Prostitutes Belgaum them in any way.

Should we send them back? Street-to-street sex workers take most clients to spaces behind buildings, fields or other public areas where they can have privacy. And one or the other lodge will be shut. They did like Prostitutes Belgaum only Prostitutes Belgaum did not even give me a rupee. The understanding between the sex workers and the owners of the house usually a former sex worker is straightforward; the women pay a fixed amount per client.

We distinguish between two main types of home-based sex workers Devadasis and non- Devadasisas this distinction has important implications on their sex work practice and associated vulnerabilities.

Gayle, and A.

Devadasis are women who have been dedicated to a goddess and who, following this initiation, are socially sanctioned to engage in sex work; this tradition particularly Prostitutes Belgaum in Prostitutes Belgaum Karnataka has been documented elsewhere [ 17 ]. The local Devadasis are well known in their communities, particularly in villages.

Other women not related to the Devadasi tradition also practice sex work from their own homes.

Why is Bogarves Called so

They usually start their careers by soliciting clients Prostitutes Belgaum other settings for example, public places. Having developed a clientele, they then practice sex work from their homes; their regular clients sometimes act as informal nonremunerated intermediaries with other potential clients.

With the exception of clients and sometimes auto-rickshaw drivers, the women work autonomously. He [the client] also feels that, because he knows that if he shouts or misbehaves he will be taken to task. Other home-based sex workers do not have the same support system in place. Because non- Devadasis try to keep their activities secret, they can be difficult to identify and incorporate in prevention activities.

The transition between the two stages is described as smooth and unproblematic. Prostitutes Belgaum Belgaum, efforts are made to identify and train peer educators who are part of phone-based sex work networks, so that they promote safe sex among this group. However, in most places phone-based sex workers are not covered by HIV programmes, as they are difficult to identify and follow up.

Given their concern for anonymity, the women are reluctant to visit drop-in-centres and clinics regularly. The clients are usually middle-class men, educated and with well-paid occupations. To date, little effort has been made to reach these sex workers by programmes, either in Belgaum or elsewhere in Karnataka.

This is partly because they are difficult to identify and are presumed to be at lower risk for HIV because they have a Prostitutes Belgaum client volume and a higher level of education compared to that of women practicing sex Prostitutes Belgaum in other settings.

What if someone does something? Study participants reported good relations with the owners and a positive Prostitutes Belgaum towards safe sex. Police Prostitutes Belgaum represent an important concern for dhaba -based sex workers. Due to their location on highways, Prostitutes Belgaum is difficult for programme staff to provide free condoms in dhabas.

Moreover, dhaba -based sex workers are difficult to identify and follow up. They are disinclined to visit drop-in-centres and clinics regularly, and consequently represent one of the poorest covered high-risk groups of sex workers. Highway-based sex work is a form of out-of-town street-to-street sex Prostitutes Belgaum. The women solicit clients by standing on the side of the highway and signaling to vehicles.

They have certain routes that they use according to convenience and client demand. Highway-based sex workers tend to be at high risk. However, some clients pick up a woman and spend days with Prostitutes Belgaum. Because they practice sex Prostitutes Belgaum independently, highway-based sex workers have Prostitutes Belgaum to choose their clients.

Hence, Prostitutes Belgaum represent another high-risk sex worker group not well covered by Prostitutes Belgaum programme. The interviews conducted were with agricultural workers one participant also did construction work.

These arrangements are informal and free of charge. While agricultural labourers have few clients, they are at risk of HIV through a combination of factors. And who will go and tell them that clinic will be held?

Because of the lack of programmes and pharmacies in villages, condom availability is often problematic. We have described the mode of operation of the Belgaum sex work industry, in its many forms, and vulnerability factors specific Prostitutes Belgaum each setting summary provided in Prostitutes Belgaum 1. In addition to the previously documented brothel-based, lodge-based, street-based, dhaba -based, and highway-based sex workers, the emergence of other sex work categories in Karnataka should be noted, including phone-network, parlour, and agricultural workers.

Women practicing sex work in brothels, lodges, dhabas, and on highways are at high-risk for HIV. Of these, dhaba and highway-based sex workers are the least covered by HIV intervention programmes. This study identified thirteen different settings where women practice sex work in Belgaum and represents the most finely-tuned description of sex work to date [ 19 ]. Understanding the wide range of sex work settings and their modus operandi is important to HIV programming, as it allows the development of appropriately tailored intervention programmes.

While in India this issue has Prostitutes Belgaum been examined quantitatively [ 820 ], our study employs qualitative data. Quantitative biobehavioural survey data have shown that brothel and street-to-lodge sex workers are at highest risk for HIV Prostitutes Belgaum Karnataka [ 8 ]. As documented in other regions in India [ 521 — 23 ], much of the risk associated with working in brothels, lodges, and dhabas appears due to the presence and role of the network operators, who Prostitutes Belgaum the type and number of clients and the extent to which the women can use condoms and be reached by programmes.

In India, their clients are mostly truck drivers, known for their risky sexual behaviour e. Their isolation also makes them more difficult to identify Prostitutes Belgaum follow up by programme staff.

This is one of the first papers to describe the modes of operation of emerging sex work settings in Karnataka, namely, phone-based, parlour girls, and agricultural workers. These sex work types, especially phone-based, are likely to increase greatly in the future.

Phones are also increasingly used by women working in other settings, as also documented in other South Indian states [ 20 ]. Previous research has shown a variation in HIV risk between different sex worker categories in Karnataka [ 4820 ].

However, the places of solicitation and sex do not in and of themselves determine degree of risk; they are often proxies for other vulnerability factors specific to each sex work setting.

The study only involved interviews Prostitutes Belgaum sex workers. Other studies have examined the perspectives of some of these actors. A study that examined reports of gharwalis from Nagpur, Maharashtra documented the feasibility of involving gharwalis in Prostitutes Belgaum HIV prevention programs [ 22 ]. The data consist of 50 interviews with sex workers; an average of 4 interviews were conducted per sex work setting, hence data saturation may not have been achieved.

While this Prostitutes Belgaum the enrollment process, sex workers who are in contact with peer educators are likely to be sex worker collective Prostitutes Belgaum and to have access to the services offered by the HIV programme. Alcohol consumption may be an important vulnerability factor [ 13 — 15 ]. Previous studies have documented interdistrict variations in the way sex work operates in Karnataka [ 23 ].

However, based on our extensive work throughout the state, we believe that most sex work settings documented in Belgaum can also be found in other Karnataka districts. Similar studies on this topic in other parts of Karnataka and elsewhere will contribute to increasing the understanding of the sex work industry in India.

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Future quantitative surveys of sex workers may need to incorporate more subtle and elaborate measures of the sex work typology, including the place s of client solicitation, the place s of sex, extent of phone use for soliciting, and the presence and role of network operators. This approach is increasingly supported Prostitutes Belgaum other researchers Prostitutes Belgaum India [ 20 ].

When conducting mapping of sex workers and deciding the sampling Prostitutes Belgaum, researchers deploying quantitative surveys need to take account of the heterogeneity of sex work settings within a given area.

HIV programmes Prostitutes Belgaum decide whom to target largely on the basis of quantitative data; hence, lack of data on certain sex work categories e. For example, while drop-in-centre and peer educator models seem to be ensuring adequate coverage of street-based sex workers, they are less useful for identifying and following up dhaba and highway-based sex workers.

Similarly, phone-based sex workers and parlour girls can be reached using outreach strategies that use the networks employed by the women to practice sex work. The paper presents a comprehensive description of the mode of operation of the female sex work industry in Belgaum district, Karnataka and the HIV risk and vulnerability factors related to each sex work setting.

The factors associated with vulnerability are often interrelated and play out in different ways in different contexts. Kumbwade or Baba waterfalls near Amboli. Heavenly journey to Tillari. Kostenlos casual dating bottrop maps. He [the client] also feels that, because he knows that Prostitutes he shouts or Prostitutes he will be taken to task. Factors associated Belgaum lodge-based sex work also apply to street-to-lodge sex work: Brothel sex workers Prostitutes Belgaum have a relatively high client volume up Belgaum 10 clients daily.

In Belgaum, efforts are made to identify link train Belgaum educators who are Prostitutes of phone-based sex work networks, so that they promote safe sex among this group. Interesting Prostitutes Belgaum know the history of belgaum and how the places derived Prostitutes Belgaum name.

The local Devadasis are Prostitutes Belgaum known in their communities, particularly in villages. Highway-based sex work is a form of out-of-town street-to-street sex work.

Prostitutes Belgaum, Telephones of Whores in Belgaum, Karnataka: Highway i High client volume. However, the places of solicitation and sex do not in and of themselves determine degree of risk; they are often proxies for other vulnerability factors specific to each sex work setting. And who will go and tell them that clinic will be held?

First	City	State	Code	Prostitutes	Escort	Girls
Prostitutes Belgaum	Belgaum	Karnataka	IN	5788	no	yes
17.04.2001	no	63	46	79	42	ZEOT
21.04.2016	76	43	ZEOT	ZEOT	yes	ZEOT

Prostitution in Belagavi : Two Arrested - Marvelous Belgaum Prostitutes Belgaum

In Belgaum, street-based sex workers take their clients to brothels, lodges, public places, rented rooms, or their own homes. While autonomous, street-based sex. City just about twenty years hack ' Bogarves ' was overcrowded by prostitutes of Belgaum district are more prone to failure of crops due to uncertain rainfall. HIV prevalence in India remains high among female sex workers. of female sex work in Belgaum district, Karnataka, India, incorporating fifty interviews with s.

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India, Karnataka, Belgaum

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Belgaum (Belagavi, belagam, Belgaavi, Belgaumas, Belgaum, Belgaon, Belagavi)

Prostitutes Belgaum

Belgaum, Karnataka, India Latitude: 15.85.74.5025, Longitude: 4287.127653349

Why is Bogarves Called so | All About Belgaum

Population 70

Summary of main vulnerability factors by type of sex work setting. Dallabetta, V. The modes of operation and HIV-vulnerabilities of sex work settings identified in this paper Prostitutes Belgaum important implications for the local programme.

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Because of the lack of programmes and pharmacies in villages, condom availability is often problematic. The modes of operation and HIV-vulnerabilities of sex work settings Prostitutes Belgaum in this paper have important implications for the local programme. Washington et al. Srikrishnan, S. However, in most places phone-based sex workers are not covered by HIV programmes, as they are difficult to identify and follow Prostitutes Belgaum.